What are risk factors of emphysema?

Risk factors for emphysema include:

- Smoking: Smoking is the leading cause of emphysema. The chemicals in cigarettes damage the lungs, causing inflammation and scarring.

- Exposure to secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can also damage the lungs and increase the risk of emphysema.

- Air pollution: Air pollution, such as from traffic fumes or industrial emissions, can irritate the lungs and contribute to the development of emphysema.

- Occupational exposures: Certain occupations, such as mining, construction, and farming, can expose workers to dust and chemicals that can damage the lungs and increase the risk of emphysema.

- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a protein that helps protect the lungs from damage. People with a deficiency of this protein are more likely to develop emphysema.

- Aging: Emphysema is more common in older adults, as the lungs naturally lose elasticity and function with age.

- Family history: People with a family history of emphysema are more likely to develop the condition.