What diseases and disorders can affect the rectum?

Several diseases and disorders can affect the rectum. Here are some common examples:

1. Hemorrhoids: Hemorrhoids are swollen and enlarged veins in the rectum or anus. They can cause pain, bleeding, and discomfort during bowel movements.

2. Anal fissures: Anal fissures are small tears or cracks in the skin around the anus. They can cause pain, bleeding, and itching.

3. Rectal prolapse: Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum protrudes or falls out of the anus. It is often associated with weakened pelvic muscles.

4. Diverticular disease: Diverticular disease is a condition in which small pouches or sacs (diverticula) form in the colon and rectum. It can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation.

5. Colorectal cancer: Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide.

6. Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the lining of the colon and rectum. It causes inflammation, ulcers, and bleeding.

7. Crohn's disease: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, including the rectum. It causes inflammation, ulcers, and abdominal pain.

8. Proctitis: Proctitis is inflammation of the rectum. It can be caused by infections, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), inflammatory bowel diseases, or radiation therapy.

9. Rectal bleeding: Rectal bleeding is a common symptom that can be caused by various underlying conditions, such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, diverticular disease, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

10. Fecal incontinence: Fecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements, resulting in the accidental leakage of stool. It can be caused by various factors, including nerve damage, muscle weakness, or rectal prolapse.