What is tipus or typhoid fever?

Typhoid or typhoid fever is an acute bacterial infection spread by the ingestion of contaminated food or water. It is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. Typhoid fever is characterized by a high fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The infection can also lead to complications such as intestinal perforation and sepsis.

Typhoid fever is endemic in many developing countries, where it is a major public health problem. In 2016, there were an estimated 11 million cases of typhoid fever worldwide, with approximately 128,000 deaths.

Symptoms of typhoid fever

The symptoms of typhoid fever typically develop 1-3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. The most common symptoms include:

* High fever

* Severe headache

* Nausea

* Vomiting

* Diarrhea

* Abdominal pain

* Fatigue

* Weakness

* Muscle aches

* Rash

Complications of typhoid fever

Typhoid fever can lead to several complications, including:

* Intestinal perforation: This is a serious complication that can occur when the bacteria invade the wall of the intestine and cause it to rupture. Intestinal perforation can lead to peritonitis, which is a serious infection of the abdominal cavity.

* Sepsis: This is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the bacteria enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Sepsis can lead to organ failure and death.

* Encephalitis: This is a rare but serious complication that occurs when the bacteria invade the brain and cause inflammation. Encephalitis can lead to seizures, coma, and death.

Treatment of typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics are ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone. Treatment typically lasts for 10-14 days.

Prevention of typhoid fever

There are several things you can do to prevent typhoid fever, including:

* Getting vaccinated against typhoid fever: The typhoid fever vaccine is safe and effective. It is recommended for travelers to endemic areas and for people who live in or work with people from endemic areas.

* Drinking only clean water: Avoid drinking water from sources that may be contaminated with sewage. If you are unsure whether the water is safe to drink, boil it before drinking.

* Eating only cooked food: Avoid eating raw or undercooked food, especially meat, poultry, and eggs.

* Washing your hands frequently: Wash your hands with soap and water before eating and after using the toilet.

By following these precautions, you can help reduce your risk of getting typhoid fever.