What are the dangers of emphysema?

Emphysema can lead to a number of serious complications:

Respiratory failure: As emphysema damages the alveoli, the lungs lose their ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide effectively. This can lead to respiratory failure, a condition in which the body does not get enough oxygen or remove enough carbon dioxide. Respiratory failure can be fatal.

Cor pulmonale: The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs. Over time, emphysema can cause changes in the structure and function of the lungs that make it harder for the heart to pump blood. This can lead to cor pulmonale, a condition in which the right side of the heart becomes enlarged and weakened. Heart failure can be fatal.

Weight loss and malnutrition: Emphysema can make it difficult to breathe, which can lead to weight loss and malnutrition. Malnutrition can further weaken the immune system and make it harder to fight off infections.

Sleep apnea: Many people with emphysema also have sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing stops and starts during sleep. Sleep apnea can worsen respiratory failure and contribute to daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.

Infections: People with emphysema are at an increased risk for infections of the lungs, including pneumonia and bronchitis. Infections can worsen respiratory failure and contribute to death.

Emphysema is a serious disease but can be managed. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to improve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.