How is pectus excavatum diagnosed?

Pectus excavatum is typically diagnosed based on a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies. Here are the steps involved in diagnosing pectus excavatum:

1. Physical Examination:

- The doctor will visually inspect the chest to look for a sunken or caved-in appearance.

- They will use their hands to feel the shape and depth of the depression in the chest.

- The doctor may also measure the Haller index, which is a ratio used to assess the severity of pectus excavatum based on the depth of the depression.

2. Medical History:

- The doctor will ask about the person's symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, or any respiratory complaints.

- They will also inquire about any underlying medical conditions or family history of pectus excavatum.

3. Imaging Studies:

- Imaging studies, such as a chest X-ray or CT scan, may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the deformity.

- These images can provide detailed information about the shape and depth of the depression, as well as any associated abnormalities in the heart, lungs, or other structures in the chest.

Based on the findings from the physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies, the doctor can make a definitive diagnosis of pectus excavatum and determine the appropriate treatment options. In some cases, additional tests, such as pulmonary function tests or echocardiograms, may be necessary to evaluate the impact of the deformity on heart and lung function.