What is TROMBOCyTopenia?
Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the blood has a lower than normal number of platelets. Platelets are small, colorless blood cells that help stop bleeding by clumping together and forming a plug at the site of a broken blood vessel.
Thrombocytopenia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
* Immune disorders: Immune disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), can cause the immune system to attack and destroy platelets.
* Cancer: Cancer can cause thrombocytopenia by interfering with the production of platelets in the bone marrow.
* Viral infections: Viral infections, such as measles, mumps, and rubella, can cause thrombocytopenia.
* Medications: Certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs and antibiotics, can cause thrombocytopenia.
* Pregnancy: Pregnancy can cause thrombocytopenia due to increased platelet destruction.
* Splenomegaly: Splenomegaly, or an enlarged spleen, can cause thrombocytopenia by trapping platelets in the spleen.
Symptoms of thrombocytopenia can include:
* Easy bruising
* Prolonged bleeding from cuts or injuries
* Nosebleeds
* Heavy menstrual bleeding
* Blood in the urine or stool
* Fatigue
* Weakness
* Fever
Thrombocytopenia is diagnosed with a blood test that measures the number of platelets in the blood. Treatment for thrombocytopenia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition.
In some cases, thrombocytopenia does not require treatment. However, if the platelet count is very low, treatment may be necessary to prevent serious bleeding. Treatment options include:
* Medications: Medications, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, can be used to suppress the immune system and prevent it from attacking platelets.
* Platelet transfusions: Platelet transfusions can be used to increase the number of platelets in the blood.
* Splenectomy: A splenectomy, or removal of the spleen, may be necessary if the spleen is trapping platelets and causing thrombocytopenia.
Thrombocytopenia can be a serious condition, but it is often treatable. With proper treatment, most people with thrombocytopenia can live normal, healthy lives.