What is actintic keratosis?

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common, pre-cancerous skin condition that is caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning beds. AKs appear as small, rough, scaly patches on the skin, and they can range in color from pink or red to brown or tan. They are often found on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the face, neck, hands, arms, and legs.

AKs are not cancerous, but they can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a type of skin cancer, if left untreated. SCC is the second most common type of skin cancer, and it is important to catch it early when it is most treatable.

Risk factors for actinic keratosis include:

* Fair skin

* A history of sunburns

* Outdoor work or activities

* Living in a sunny climate

* Tanning bed use

* A weakened immune system

Symptoms of actinic keratosis include:

* Small, rough, scaly patches on the skin

* Skin that is red, pink, brown, or tan in color

* A dry or leathery texture to the skin

* Itching or burning

If you have any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor to get a diagnosis and treatment plan.

Treatment for actinic keratosis:

* Topical medications: such as creams, gels, or lotions that contain retinoids, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, or cryosurgery.

* Photodynamic therapy (PDT): A light-based treatment that uses a photosensitizing agent that makes the AK cells more sensitive to light, which can be destroyed by a specific wavelength of light.

* Laser therapy: A type of treatment that uses a laser to destroy the AK cells.

* Curettage and electrodessication: A procedure in which the AK cells are scraped off and then destroyed with an electric current.

Actinic keratosis can be prevented by taking the following steps:

* Seek shade when the sun's rays are strongest (between 10 am and 4 pm).

* Wear protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses.

* Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, and reapply it every 2 hours.

* Avoid tanning beds.

* Get regular skin exams.

Early detection and treatment of actinic keratosis can help reduce the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.