What are some treatment methods for psoriasis and how effective they?
There are several treatments available for psoriasis, with effectiveness varying depending on the severity and type of the condition. Some common treatments include:
1. Topical Treatments:
- Corticosteroids: These creams, ointments, or lotions help reduce inflammation and itching. They are commonly used for mild to moderate psoriasis.
- Vitamin D Analogues: These topical medications help slow down the rapid growth of skin cells and reduce inflammation.
- Calcipotriol (Dovonex): A synthetic vitamin D analogue that helps normalize skin cell growth and reduces inflammation.
- Coal Tar: Tar-based preparations can help slow skin cell growth and reduce itching and inflammation.
- Salicylic Acid: This ingredient helps remove scales and aids in the penetration of other topical medications.
2. Systemic Treatments:
- Oral Medications:
- Methotrexate: An immunosuppressant drug used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis. It can cause side effects like nausea and liver toxicity.
- Cyclosporine: Another immunosuppressant used for severe psoriasis. It can have side effects like kidney damage and high blood pressure.
- Retinoids: These drugs, such as acitretin (Soriatane), can be used for severe psoriasis. They can cause side effects like dry skin, sun sensitivity, and liver toxicity.
- Biologic Drugs: These newer medications target specific parts of the immune system involved in psoriasis. They are given as injections or infusions and are used for severe psoriasis.
- Anti-TNF-alpha Agents: Examples include adalimumab (Humira), infliximab (Remicade), and etanercept (Enbrel).
- Anti-IL-12/IL-23 Agents: Examples include ustekinumab (Stelara), ixekizumab (Taltz), and guselkumab (Tremfya).
- Anti-IL-17 Agents: Examples include secukinumab (Cosentyx), ixekizumab (Taltz), and brodalumab (Siliq).
3. Phototherapy (Light Therapy):
- Ultraviolet B (UVB) Phototherapy: This treatment involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of UVB light to slow down skin cell growth and reduce inflammation.
- Psoralen plus Ultraviolet A (PUVA): This combination therapy involves taking a medication called psoralen and then exposing the skin to UVA light.
4. Complementary Therapies:
- Aloe Vera Gel: Aloe vera has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties that can help relieve itching and irritation.
- Oatmeal Baths: Oatmeal has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin.
Effectiveness:
The effectiveness of these treatments varies depending on individual responses and the severity of psoriasis. Some treatments may provide complete clearance or significant improvement in symptoms, while others may only provide partial relief. A combination of treatments may be required for optimal results. Consulting with a dermatologist is essential to determine the most appropriate and effective treatment plan based on your individual condition and needs.