What Are the Major Types of Drugs?

Drugs are prescription, over-the-counter or illegal substances that people use for treatment of medical conditions, pain relief, pleasure and/or a variety of other uses. Drugs can be dangerous if they are abused, putting people at risk for physical and social problems, according to Helpguide.org.

Depressants

• Depressants slow the functions of the central nervous system. People who use the drugs often experience lowered inhibitions, a lack of concentration and/or feelings of euphoria. The category of depressants includes GHB, barbiturates, alcohol, Rohypnol and Valium.

Stimulants

• Stimulants, such as cocaine, nicotine, Ritalin, amphetamines and methamphetamines, can cause people to become overly alert, attentive and energetic.

Dissociative Anesthetics

• Dissociative anesthetics, which include ketamine and PCP, often cause people to have decreased motor functions and become violent. They sometimes also experience feelings of euphoria and/or sleepiness or distorted perceptions of reality.

Cannabinoids

• Cannabinoids, such as marijuana and hashish, can cause people to have feelings of euphoria, problems with balance and coordination and/or a slowed ability to think and react.

Hallucinogens

• Hallucinogens are drugs that affect people's perceptions of reality, ability to think clearly and emotional states. This category of drugs includes LCD, mescaline, and psilocybin.

Opioids

• Opiods, which include codeine, morphine, heroin, opium and acetaminophen, are often used for pain relief. They can also cause feelings of euphoria or sleepiness.