Labyrinthitis Treatments

Labyrinthitis is an inflammation and swelling of the inner ear typically caused by a bacterial or viral infection. In addition, it can be caused by allergies, upper respiratory infections, and a head injury. When the fluid-filled canals (labyrinths) of the inner ear become inflamed, basic functions such as balance become affected. This is also called Meniere's disease. A variety of treatments exist, including those designed to fight the infection as well those used to control symptoms.

Symptoms and Tests

• Symptoms of labyrinthitis include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), hearing loss, interrupted balance and vertigo (odd feelings of movement).

  Testing for labyrinthitis typically begins with a neurological and physical exam. While the condition can most likely be diagnosed through this exam, a series of other tests may be performed to determine if there is an underlying cause or if the symptoms suggest a more serious condition. These tests can include an MRI or CT scan of the head, hearing tests, a brain wave test called an electroencephalogram (EEG) or a test to track eye movements called an electronystagmography (ENG).

Treatment

• Because labyrinthitis usually goes away on its own, the first step to treating the condition is careful monitoring of the symptoms. Should tests indicate the cause of infection as bacterial, antibiotics such as amoxicillin and antiviral drugs such as acyclovir may be prescribed to treat it, especially if the patient has developed a middle ear infection. Aside from this, treatment typically involves controlling symptoms through a variety of medications and at-home techniques.

  Anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids (prednisone) will help treat swelling and inflammation; compazine will help keep vomiting and nausea under control; and meclizine and scopalamine can help alleviate dizziness. If the condition is caused by allergies, antihistamines may be recommended. Sedatives such as Valium may also be prescribed.

Home Treatment

• In addition to the many medications designed to treat the symptoms associated with labyrinthitis, patients can follow a variety of steps to limit the impact of the problem. These steps typically include simply slowing down your daily activities and limiting movement of the head. Avoiding bright lights and anything that puts unnecessary strain on the eyes, such as reading, may prove beneficial as well.

Surgery and Vestibular Therapy

• Although only performed in extreme cases, the doctor may recommend surgery to correct the problem. These typically involve draining fluid from the canals, removing bones or cutting nerves.

  If your balance is severely affected by the labyrnthitis, a form of exercise therapy called vestibular and balance rehabilitation therapy may be recommended. By undergoing therapy, patients can slowly recover a sense of balance, lower the occurrence of dizziness and help prevent injury caused by a loss of equilibrium.