The History of the Otoscope

This article details the history of the otoscope (sometimes called the auriscope), a common medical implement used to examine the ear and sometimes other orifices. It uses a speculum and light to illuminate body cavities and is often utilized by primary care physicians during routine examinations and check-ups.

Description

• An otoscope is comprised of a magnifying lens, light, handle and conical speculum. Modern otoscopes have disposable specula for hygienic and anatomical reasons.

History

• The story of the otoscope begins has its roots in the tong-shaped specula. This device was first described and illustrated in France in 1363 by Guy de Chauliac. Its primary use included the examination of aural and nasal passages. Because of the similar problems posed by inspecting conical cavities, early otoscopy and rhinoscopy instruments were similar in design, although the diverged over the years. In Italy in 1838, Ignaz Gruber invented the first funnel-shapped speculum, although he didn't publish his findings In Germany in 1864, E. Siegle invented a pneumatic otoscope, a model that allows the user to administer air pressure.

Use

• The doctor fist attaches a disposable conical speculum to the otoscope. He or she then pulls up on the pinna, or visible, part of the ear to align the ear canal and inserts the device. The device is then manipulated to allow multiple angles of the inner ear.

Function

• The otoscope facilitates the examination of the ear canal. From the color, shape and general appearance, a doctor can assess abnormalities. These include otitis externa, exostoses, aspergillus niger, foreign bodies, perforations and lesions.

Significance

• The otoscope is a simple, common medical tool that serves a variety of uses beyond its intended function. It's one of the most common medical implements and is almost always carried by general practitioners on house calls.