Why Fm is more immune to noise than AM?

There are several reasons why FM (Frequency Modulation) is more immune to noise than AM (Amplitude Modulation):

- Noise immunity: FM uses a frequency variation to represent information, while AM uses an amplitude variation. Noise can more easily affect the amplitude of a signal, causing distortion or interference. FM, on the other hand, is less sensitive to amplitude variations, as the information is encoded in the frequency changes.

- Capture effect: FM has a capture effect, which means that when two FM signals are received at similar frequencies, the stronger signal will override the weaker one, resulting in a cleaner and more reliable reception. This is because the FM receiver will lock onto the stronger signal and reject the weaker one.

- Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis: FM uses pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, which are techniques that boost high-frequency components of the audio signal during transmission and then reduce them during reception. This helps to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by reducing the impact of high-frequency noise.

- Wideband transmission: FM signals occupy a wider bandwidth compared to AM signals. This wider bandwidth allows for more efficient transmission and reception and helps to reduce the impact of narrowband interference.

Due to these factors, FM is generally more resistant to noise and interference, making it a more reliable and higher-quality transmission method compared to AM.