What Is the Structure of an Ear Infection?

Inflammation of the ear, or ear infection, is common among infants, children and frequent swimmers. They include otitis externa, media and interna, depending on the location of inflammation.

Background

• Ear infections result when bacteria from the nose and throat make their way to the ear canal and multiply there. They also result from water and fluids becoming trapped in the ear, creating breeding ground for bacteria. Sometimes, dirt and debris from the environment contaminate the ear canal.

Otitis Externa

• Also known as "swimmer's ear," otitis externa involves the ear canal, the tube-like passage through which sound enters. Swimmers are susceptible to this infection because swimming removes the protective lipid layer from the skin of the canal. The skin becomes soggy when ear wax traps water, inviting bacteria.

Otitis Media

• The general term "ear infection" refers to the infection in the middle ear, or otitis media, which affects the small area behind the ear drum. Germs from the nose and throat infect the middle ear, especially in small children when they have a cold. A small tube connecting ear and throat swells and blocks the passage, trapping fluid and creating a breeding ground for bacteria.

Otitis Interna

• Infection of the deep inner ear, or otitis interna, is known as labyrinthitis. It involves the labyrinth, an intricate bony cavity that contains organs of hearing and equilibrium, or balance. In this case, the ear becomes swollen and inflamed due to bacteria or virus, often brought on by upper respiratory illness such as flu or cold, according to WebMD.

Prevention/Solution

• Depending on the severity of infection, ear infections can clear up on their own. However, over the counter anti-inflammatory drugs as well as prescribed antibiotics can help with pain and healing. At-home remedies such as irrigating or flushing the ear with a natural oil can help cure infection or maintain healthy ears.