What Is Oral Rehydration Therapy for Children?

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a simple, effective, and low-cost treatment to prevent and treat dehydration, a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when the body loses more water and salts than it takes in. ORT involves giving a child a solution of water, electrolytes, and sugar to replace lost fluids and minerals.

When is ORT used?

ORT is used to treat dehydration caused by:

* Diarrhea

* Vomiting

* Fever

* Excessive sweating

* Other conditions that can lead to fluid loss

How does ORT work?

ORT works by replacing the water and electrolytes that are lost when a child is dehydrated. The water helps to restore the body's fluid balance, while the electrolytes help to regulate the body's muscle and nerve function. The sugar helps to absorb the electrolytes and provides energy.

What are the benefits of ORT?

ORT is a safe and effective way to treat dehydration in children. It is also:

* Inexpensive

* Easy to administer

* Can be given at home

* Helps to prevent dehydration-related complications, such as seizures and kidney failure

How is ORT given?

ORT is typically given orally, meaning by mouth. The solution can be given using a spoon, cup, or bottle. If a child is unable to drink, ORT can be given through a nasogastric (NG) tube, which is a thin tube that is inserted through the nose and into the stomach.

What is the dosage of ORT?

The dosage of ORT depends on the child's age and weight. The following table provides general guidelines:

| Child's age | Dosage |

|---|---|

| Under 2 years old | 50-100 ml after each loose stool |

| 2-10 years old | 100-200 ml after each loose stool |

| Over 10 years old | 200-250 ml after each loose stool |

It is important to note that these are general guidelines only. The exact dosage of ORT may vary depending on the child's individual needs.

What are the side effects of ORT?

ORT is generally well-tolerated. However, some children may experience mild side effects, such as:

* Nausea

* Vomiting

* Diarrhea

* Abdominal pain

* Bloating

* Gas

These side effects are usually mild and go away within a few days. If any of these side effects become severe, stop giving ORT and contact your child's doctor.

When to seek medical attention

Seek medical attention if your child:

* Has severe diarrhea (more than 10 watery stools in a 24-hour period)

* Is vomiting frequently

* Has a fever of 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher

* Is lethargic or unresponsive

* Has a sunken fontanelle (soft spot on the top of the head)

* Has dry mouth and lips

* Is not urinating or has dark urine

These symptoms could be signs of severe dehydration and require immediate medical attention.

Prevention of dehydration

The best way to prevent dehydration is to make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, especially when they are sick. Offer your child small amounts of fluid frequently, even if they are not thirsty. Avoid giving your child sugary drinks, such as juice or soda, as these can actually worsen dehydration.

If your child is at risk for dehydration, such as during hot weather or when traveling to a developing country, talk to your doctor about ways to prevent dehydration.