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Chemicals That Can Affect the Eye

Our eyes are a sensitive asset that most of us do our best to protect. Many things can cause them to become irritated, such as dust, UV rays and various chemicals. But while some chemicals can cause severe pain and possible blindness, others are designed to help reduce or eliminate the same symptoms.

  1. Isotonic Saline Solution

    • Isotonic saline solution contains a salt content nearly equal to that found in the human body. It is a chemical solution intended to be used to flush the eye in the event that a harmful substance, such as acid, makes contact with the eye's surface. It should be applied to the eye immediately after the incident occurs to help prevent potentially permanent damage to the eye, which can include cataracts, glaucoma and even blindness.

    Hydrofluoric Acid

    • Hydrofluoric acid is a corrosive chemical that eats through soft tissue and if exposed to the eye, can cause serious injury and blindness. If the concentration of the hydrofluoric acid is high, the resulting pain will be greater than if the concentration is lower. However, if the concentration is lower, the feeling of pain may not occur until an hour or more after the acid's initial contact with the eye.

    Alkali Acids

    • Alkali acids can cause internal and external damage to the eyes when exposed. Common household items that contain alkali include fertilizers and cleaning products such as ammonia and drain cleaners. Due to the high pH levels of alkali-based chemicals, sensitive areas of the eye such as the cornea and lens can be severely damaged if exposed.

    Chlorine

    • Chlorine is commonly used in cleaning products and swimming pools. If the eyes are exposed in small doses, for example while swimming, they can become irritated and red. When chlorine is mixed with water, it becomes acidic and damages cells in the body. Exposure to chlorinated water can lead to infections, but typically long term effects are not a concern. However, higher concentrations of chlorine, such as those found in cleaning solutions, can cause serious damage to the eyes.

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