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Causes of Dry Eye

Dry eyes are an uncomfortable condition. The lack of moisture can cause eyes to sting, burn and feel gritty. Dry eye that is left untreated can lead to scratches on the surface of the eye. Dry eye can be a result of a minor problem, such as an allergy, or result from diseases that interfere with tear production. Dry eyes that persist should be evaluated by a doctor.

  1. Diseases

    • Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder. The white blood cells attack the glands that produce moisture such as the lacrimal gland, which is the tear-producing gland and keeps our eyes moist. Hyperthyroidism can cause chronic dry eyes because of inflammation that causes the eyeball to bulge slightly. Other autoimmune and connective tissue diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can also cause dry eyes.

    Hormones and Aging

    • Women over the age of 40 are more likely to suffer from dry eyes. As a woman ages and goes through menopause the change in hormones may lead to dry eyes. Dry eyes may develop in women who have conditions such as premature ovarian failure or other disorders that affect hormones.

    Structural

    • Structural problems of the eye can be a cause of dry eyes. Blocked tear ducts prevent moisture from keeping the eyeball lubricated. When the eyelid is unable to close completely the cornea can become inflamed and dry, resulting in a condition called exposure keratitis. An infection or disease that causes inflammation of the conjunctiva can cause dry eyes. The conjunctiva is a clear membrane that lines the inside of the eyelid and extends down to cover the white part of the eye.

    Eye Injuries or Surgery

    • LASIK surgery may be a cause of dry eye. It is usually a mild and temporary condition that may persist three to six months. Cosmetic surgery that pulls the eyelids up too far, not allowing them to close properly or causing the eye to bulge slightly, may cause dry eyes.

    Medication

    • Some medications may cause a decrease in tear production, resulting in dry eyes. Over-the-counter or prescription medications may have this affect. Artificial tears can be used to treat dry eyes caused by medications. Notify your physician if dry eyes interfere with daily life. Medications that could cause dry eyes include blood pressure medications, antihistamines, nasal decongestants, hormone replacement therapy and antidepressants.

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