Treatments for Acanthamoeba

Acanthamoeba can cause three different types of infections. Disseminated infection and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis usually only occur in individuals who are already very ill with other conditions and have weakened immune condition. The third type of infection is acanthamoeba keratitis, which in an infection of the eye. Acanthamoeba keratitis usually only occurs as the result of wearing contact lenses that have been exposed to contaminated water.

Disseminated Infection

• This infection affects many areas of the body. It can enter the body through the nose or through a cut. It will then spread through the bloodstream. It may infect the sinuses, lungs, skin and other organs as well. This infection may be treated with voriconazole or amphotericin. Infections affecting the skin only are usually successfully treated. Infections within the body may be resistant to treatment and may eventually lead to granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.

Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE)

• This infection affects the spinal cord and brain. Symptoms may include headaches, stiff neck, nausea, fatigue, confusion, seizures, loss of balance and hallucinations. According to the Centers for Disease Control, GAE is almost always fatal. However, treatments using amphotericin B, ketoconazole, trimethroprin-sulfamethoxazole, albendazole, sulfadiazine and fluconazole will be attempted.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

• Acanthamoeba keratitis is an eye infection most common in contact lens wearers. It occurs when contact lenses are exposed to contaminated water either from the tap or in swimming pools and hot tubs. Treatment involves applying prescription topical antibiotic creams directly to the affected eye. In many cases, eye damage will occur despite treatment attempts. A corneal transplant may be needed to restore vision.