Why do diabetic people go blind?

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. It is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults.

DR occurs when damage to the blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye) causes them to leak fluid and blood. This can lead to swelling, scarring, and the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels. These changes can eventually lead to vision loss.

There are two main types of DR:

* Non-proliferative DR (NPDR) is the early stage of the disease. It is characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina, but there is no growth of new, abnormal blood vessels.

* Proliferative DR (PDR) is the advanced stage of the disease. It is characterized by the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels on the surface of the retina. These blood vessels can leak fluid and blood, leading to more severe vision loss.

DR is a serious complication of diabetes, but it can be treated if it is detected early. Regular eye exams are essential for detecting and treating DR at the earliest possible stage.

Risk factors for DR include:

* Poor blood sugar control

* High blood pressure

* High cholesterol

* Long-standing diabetes

* Pregnancy

* Kidney disease

* Obesity

To reduce your risk of DR, it is important to:

* Keep your blood sugar levels under control

* Control your blood pressure and cholesterol

* Get regular exercise

* Eat a healthy diet

* Quit smoking

* Get regular eye exams