What causes disorders sush as klinefelter syndrome and turner syndrome?

Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a male is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. This means that instead of having the normal XY chromosome pair, a male with Klinefelter syndrome has an XXY chromosome pair.

The exact cause of Klinefelter syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to occur during the formation of the egg or sperm. When an egg or sperm cell is produced, the chromosomes are normally separated so that each cell ends up with one copy of each chromosome. However, in some cases, an egg or sperm cell can end up with an extra copy of one chromosome. If this happens and the egg and sperm cell then combine to form an embryo, the embryo will have an extra copy of the chromosome that was duplicated.

Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a female is born with only one copy of the X chromosome. This means that instead of having the normal XX chromosome pair, a female with Turner syndrome has an XO chromosome pair.

The exact cause of Turner syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to occur during the formation of the egg or sperm. When an egg or sperm cell is produced, the chromosomes are normally separated so that each cell ends up with one copy of each chromosome. However, in some cases, an egg or sperm cell can end up with no copies of one chromosome. If this happens and the egg and sperm cell then combine to form an embryo, the embryo will have only one copy of the chromosome that was missing.