Genetic Testing for Parents

Genetic testing can be done for a variety of reasons, which include testing for diseases that may be caused by genetic mutations. When parents choose to undergo genetic testing, the testing may be done to discover any underlying genetic disorders that could affect the outcome of an unborn child's health.

Genetic Counseling

• A genetic counselor can help you understand your options.

  Before considering genetic testing, conferring with a genetic counselor is important. Your health history, such as any family genetic conditions, will be taken into account. A genetic counselor can also help you understand the risk your child may have of developing a disease prior to birth. In the instance your unborn child may be born with a medical condition, a genetic counselor can also help prepare you with the care your child will need.

Family History

• Undergo a family history assessment.

  Prior to any genetic testing, you'll undergo a family history assessment. Both you and your spouse will need to provide information on your ethnicity, if you've previously had children with birth defects, if you've had family members die from disorders and if you've suffered any miscarriages or stillbirths. According to The Merck Manuals, some ethnicities are at a higher risk of developing diseases. Allowing your physician to gather information on your family history can help determine your odds of passing on genetic disorders.

Carrier Testing

• Carrier testing can help identify potential diseases.

  Carrier testing is necessary if you or your spouse have a history of genetic disorders in your families. Such diseases include sickle cell anemia. Carrier testing can be done prior to the consideration of having children. This form of testing can help identify if you're at risk of passing on any altered genes to your unborn child.

Previous Birth Defect

• Tests can determine if you're at risk.

  If you've already had a child born with a birth defect, you can undergo genetic testing to help determine if there's an increased risk of having another child with the same genetic disorder. However, not all birth defects are caused by genetics. Birth defects can also be caused by other variants, such as infections or exposure to toxins. Genetic testing can also discover if there's an underlying problem with your chromosomes, especially if you've suffered from miscarriages or stillborn births.

Prenatal Testing

• Prenatal screening may also be an option.

  Prenatal testing can be done during your pregnancy. Such testing may be considered to detect abnormalities that include Down syndrome. Genetic testing may also be an option if you're over 34, or if your spouse is older. According to Kids Health, women over the age of 34 are at an increased risk of birthing a child with chromosomal abnormalities, while older fathers can pass on "new dominant genetic mutations."