What is PANDAS disorder?

PANDAS, or Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections, is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder that is thought to be caused by an autoimmune response to a recent streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever.

PANDAS is characterized by the sudden onset of severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or tics, often accompanied by other neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, hyperactivity, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms typically come and go in waves, often in association with recurrent streptococcal infections.

The exact mechanism by which streptococcal infections trigger PANDAS is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the body's immune response to the bacteria. It is believed that in some individuals, the immune system mistakenly attacks the brain and basal ganglia, an area involved in controlling movement and behavior, leading to the symptoms of PANDAS.

PANDAS is a rare condition, affecting approximately 1 in 200 children. It is most commonly diagnosed in children between the ages of 3 and 12 years old. Boys are more likely to develop PANDAS than girls.

Treatment for PANDAS typically involves a combination of antibiotics to treat the underlying streptococcal infection, behavioral therapy to manage the OCD and tics, and medications to reduce anxiety and hyperactivity. In some cases, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy may be used to suppress the immune system and prevent further attacks.