Ramification Amplification Technology Protocols

Ramifications of amplification technology protocols for infectious disease or allelic gene determination are an exponential increase in variations of mutant cells. Heating, alternately heating and cooling, enzymes or pressure act as catalysts in a chain reaction. DNA, RNA or RNA-viruses replicate during the chain reaction allowing lab technicians to identify or form rare gene sequences at a fraction of previous costs. Amplification accelerates the production of antibodies or coagulants and repairs genetic mutations.

DNA Ramification Amplification

• A single strand of DNA amplified at an elevated temperature, duplicates itself. Amplification of the duplication of the DNA amplifies, or exaggerates, gene displacement if the DNA does not successfully duplicate itself. The amplified or exaggerated duplication of DNA reduces detection time of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Strand displacement has been adapted for amplification on a microelectronic chip covered by a biotin medium.

Ramification Amplification for Virus Antibodies

• Viruses differ greatly in their ability to recombine genetically and in which cells or tissue hosts them. Human gene therapy has advanced in the ability to split genotypes and reassemble them. Ramification amplification identified genes, which yield viruses when pressured. Scientists identified eight genetically different viruses.

  Scientists combined viruses and organ tissue. Adding protein to a blood born pathogen in liver cells, produced virus particles. Amplification created a variation of the virus cell with antibody properties. The antibody outperformed the virus in mouse lung tissue cells in a medical laboratory.

Ramification Amplification in Hemophila

• Ramification amplification can be used to transfer genes in hemophilia patients to increase the clotting factor in their plasma. Gene transfer in a hemophilia patient is estimated by measuring the amount of transgene product in the patient's blood. Transgene product is a combination of the patient's genes and the transferred procoagulant protein. The efficacy of the gene transfer is directly proportional to the amount of procoagulant protein in the patient's plasma. Bleeding in severe and moderate hemophilia patients is proportional to the plasma clotting factor in the blood. In severe hemophilia patients, the clotting factor is less than 1 percent. Spontaneous bleeding is frequent. In hemophilia patients clotting factor levels between 1 and 5 percent do not bleed spontaneously.

Ramification Amplification in Diagnosis

• Escherichia coli is a human pathogen transmitted through food. A low level E. Coli infection develops into a fatal illness. Detection of E. Coli in food or stool specimens is difficult because as few as ten bacteria cells produce the near fatal infection. Nucleic acid amplification is necessary for early detection of E. Coli. Heat amplification is the easiest way to detect E. Coli and Shigella dysenteriae in food and human specimens. Circular amplification creates exponential bacteria cells. Amplification produced 33 isolates of E. coli and 27 varieties of Shigella dysenteriae. Without amplification S. dysenteriae and E. coli are not detected in the same specimen.