Care for Babies With Down Syndrome Trisomy 21

Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is caused by abnormal cell division in the sperm or egg before fertilization. The child has three copies of chromosome 21 rather than the usual two, producing a variety of physiological and developmental problems.

Health Concerns

• Checking for heart and gastrointestinal defects is essential. Surgery may be necessary. Monitor your baby's weight gain; the baby tiring quickly due to heart defects can reduce his or her food intake. Protect your baby from contagious illnesses -- Down syndrome babies have lowered immune functioned and increased susceptibility to respiratory illness. Investigate your baby's thyroid function and request regular hearing and vision tests as these senses may be affected.

Feeding and Sleeping Difficulties

• Down syndrome causes feeding difficulties--experiment with feeding methods and positions.

  Feeding can be difficult due to the poor muscle tone, flattened palate and protruding tongue associated with Down. Gastric function may be reduced by poor muscle tone or gastric abnormalities. Narrowed nasal passages cause feeding and breathing difficulties. Experiment with different feeding positions, and uy a baby monitor -- obstructive sleep apnea is common.

Therapy

• Request an early intervention program to stimulate development. Ask for physical therapy to improve weak muscle tone, and seek occupational therapy and speech therapy to aid cognitive function and language development respectively.

Support

• Ask your doctor about local support services. Seek support and advice for your family; activities and socialization for the Down child. Use the Internet to find online support.