Leukocoria: Find out what can cause "white pupil" and what you should do about it

Leukocoria:

Leukocoria, often known as a "white pupil," is when the pupil seems white or has a whitish glow. It is not a condition in and of itself, but rather a sign that there may be a problem with the eye.

Causes of Leukocoria:

Leukocoria can be caused by several conditions affecting the eye's internal structures, including:

1. Cataracts:

In cataracts, the usually transparent lens of the eye becomes cloudy and opaque. This can lead to a white or grayish pupil color and gradual blurring of vision.

2. Retinoblastoma:

Retinoblastoma is a rare eye cancer primarily affecting children. It originates in the retina and may manifest as leukocoria, with a yellowish-white pupil color.

3. Retinal Detachment:

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the underlying layer of the eye. It can cause a variety of visual symptoms, including leukocoria, flashes of light, and a curtain-like shadow in the visual field.

4. Coats' Disease:

Coats' disease is a rare eye condition that primarily affects young males. It involves abnormal development of blood vessels in the eye and may cause leukocoria, along with other visual symptoms.

5. Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV):

PHPV is a congenital eye abnormality where parts of the embryonic blood vessels remain within the eye. It can cause leukocoria, usually noticed at birth or early childhood.

6. Congenital Glaucoma:

Congenital Glaucoma is a condition present from birth where there is an abnormal increase in pressure within the eye. It can lead to leukocoria, eye enlargement, and other symptoms.

7. Infections:

Certain eye infections, such as Toxocariasis (caused by a type of roundworm) and Congenital Syphilis, can also lead to leukocoria.

8. Other Ocular Conditions:

Rarely, other eye abnormalities like corneal scarring or certain tumors can also cause a white pupil appearance.

What to Do:

Leukocoria is a significant sign and should be promptly evaluated by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) to determine the underlying cause. Early detection and treatment are crucial, especially in cases like retinoblastoma, where timely intervention can significantly improve outcomes.

If you or your child experiences leukocoria, seek immediate medical attention from an eye specialist.

Delaying evaluation can compromise vision and make certain conditions harder to treat.