Pap Smear Definition

A Pap smear or Pap test is a gynecological test that examines the cells of a woman's cervix for any changes or abnormalities. It is often performed as part of a routine pelvic exam by using a brush to collect cells from the cervix, which are then sent to a lab for testing. A Pap smear is a little uncomfortable to undergo and may result in a small amount of bleeding or spotting. However, most women do not find the exam very painful.

What It Detects

• A Pap smear can detect cervical cancer as well as abnormal cervical cells that can develop into cancer, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Some infections can also be detected.

Who Needs It

• All women older than 21 or women younger than 21 who have been sexually active for three years should get a Pap smear as part of their routine gynecological exams.

How Often

• Women younger than 30 should have a Pap smear every year. Women older than 30 who have had three straight normal Pap smear results can be tested every two or three years.

Waiting for Results

• Because the cervical cell sample is sent to a lab, the results of a Pap smear are generally not available for one or two weeks. Some doctors mail your results; others call. If you don't hear from your doctor within two or three weeks, call for your results.

Abnormal Results

• An abnormal finding in a Pap smear does not always mean there are cancer cells in your cervix or that you have cervical cancer. In most cases, an abnormal result will require additional testing, which may include a second Pap smear.