What is endometriosis and how do you know if have it?
Endometriosis is a condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus, most commonly in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, and pelvic organs. Endometrial tissue responds to the hormones of the menstrual cycle, shedding and bleeding just as the lining of the uterus does, but since it is outside the uterus, the blood cannot leave the body. This can cause inflammation, pain, and scar tissue. Endometriosis can affect women of all ages, but it is most common in women in their 30s and 40s.
How do you know if I have it?
There is no single test that can definitively diagnose endometriosis. Diagnosis is often based on a combination of symptoms, a physical exam, and imaging tests. Symptoms of endometriosis can include:
* Pelvic pain: Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis that is sharp, stabbing, or burning. This pain can be worse during menstruation, ovulation, or bowel movements.
* Infertility: Endometriosis can cause infertility by blocking the fallopian tubes or by interfering with the implantation of an embryo.
* Abnormal bleeding: Some women with endometriosis experience heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding, or bleeding between periods.
* Painful intercourse: Intercourse can be painful if the endometrial tissue has spread to the vagina or rectum.
* Fatigue: Endometriosis can cause fatigue and a general feeling of malaise.
* Digestive problems: Endometriosis can cause nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea.
* Urinary problems: Endometriosis can cause frequent urination or pain with urination if the endometrial tissue has spread to the bladder or urethra.
Physical examination: During a physical exam, your doctor may be able to feel endometrial implants or scarring in the pelvis.
Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, MRI, or laparoscopy, may be used to confirm the diagnosis of endometriosis and to determine its extent.
Laparoscopy: Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a small incision is made in the abdomen and a camera is inserted to view the inside of the pelvis. This allows the doctor to directly see the endometrial implants and to remove them if necessary.
If you are experiencing symptoms of endometriosis, it is important to see your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of complications, such as infertility and chronic pain.