What is patency of processus vaginalis?

Patency of processus vaginalis refers to a condition in which the processus vaginalis, a peritoneal sac that normally obliterates during fetal development, remains open. This can lead to the formation of a hernia, known as an indirect inguinal hernia, where abdominal contents, such as the intestines, protrude through the weakened abdominal wall in the groin area. Patency of processus vaginalis often occurs when the processus vaginalis fails to close appropriately before birth. However, it can also develop later in life due to increased intra-abdominal pressure or a weakness in the abdominal wall. When it remains open, a loop of intestine or other tissue can pass through this opening, resulting in the characteristic bulge of an inguinal hernia. Understanding the concept of processus vaginalis patency is essential in the diagnosis and treatment of inguinal hernias, particularly indirect inguinal hernias.