How Do Fistulas Develop?

A fistula is a channel or tunnel that forms between organs amid inflammation or infection. Fistulas are most common around the anus or vagina. They often accompany an abscess, which develops when fluids leak from one organ to another and become irritated, such as during childbirth. Fistulas are also seen in Crohn's disease.

Obstetric Fistulas

• An obstetric fistula develops between the birth passage and an internal organ, such as the bladder, amid complications during days-long labor. According to the Fistula Foundation, the fistula results in permanent incontinence of urine and/or feces. Left untreated, they can lead to permanent disability and death.

Crohn's Disease

• In Crohn's disease, otherwise known as chronic inflammatory bowel disease, the fistula usually runs from the rectum to an opening in the skin around the anus. Since fistulas are infected, some drainage usually occurs. If the opening of the fistula seals over before it is cured, an abscess may develop.

Treatment and Cure

• In Crohn's disease, prolonged treatment with antibiotics is often effective. If medication doesn't work, a surgeon can close the fistula. Obstetric fistulas have started getting more attention from the United Nations and World Health Organization. The Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia has treated more than 30,000 women, and the cure rate is more than 90 percent, according to the Fistula Foundation.