What causes a sever headache in back of the head young child that worsens when coughing?

Intracranial Hypertension (Raised Pressure in the Brain)

Intracranial hypertension (IH), also known as raised intracranial pressure (ICP), refers to an increase in the pressure within the skull. This increased pressure can put strain on the brain and cause a variety of symptoms, including severe headaches, particularly at the back of the head and nape of the neck. Coughing or other activities that strain the body can worsen the headache due to the increased pressure.

Common causes of IH in children include:

1. Meningitis: An infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

2. Encephalitis: An infection of the brain itself.

3. Brain Tumors: Both cancerous (malignant) and non-cancerous (benign) brain tumors can cause increased intracranial pressure.

4. Head Injuries: Severe head injuries can lead to swelling and increased pressure within the skull.

5. Cerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain can cause IH.

6. Hydrocephalus: A condition where there is an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. This can lead to increased pressure within the skull.

7. Sinus Infections: In some cases, severe sinus infections can cause increased pressure in the sinuses, leading to headaches and facial pain.

8. Idiopathic IH: In some children, the cause of IH may not be immediately identifiable, and it is referred to as idiopathic IH.

If your child is experiencing a severe headache at the back of the head that worsens with coughing, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. The doctor may order tests such as imaging studies (CT scan or MRI) to determine the cause of the headache and recommend appropriate treatment.