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First Aid CPR Procedures

This short guide is for reference only and should not be considered a substitute for hands-on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction. In order to provide effective CPR, formal training is essential. You can access inexpensive CPR classes through local chapters of the American Red Cross where you will also learn additional techniques, including treating choking victims, rescue breathing and use of the automated external defibrillator (AED).

  1. Unconsciousness

    • Unconsciousness is the first indication that someone may need CPR. If you discover someone is unconscious, first try to rouse them. If they don't respond, call 911 or ask someone else to call 911 for you.

    Airway/Breathing

    • Do not move the patient while you check for airway obstructions such as food or gum, and monitor for breathing for about five seconds. If the patient is unconscious, but is breathing and shows signs of circulation, turn him onto his side. If he is not breathing, move the patient onto his back and if possible, a firm surface. Check for breathing once again. If he is still not breathing, lift his chin with one hand, moving his head back to open the airway. Next, use the finger and thumb of your other hand to pinch his nose closed while giving him two deep breaths through his mouth; confirm his chest is inflating.

    Circulation

    • Check for a pulse. It's important that you check for a central pulse on the neck rather than a peripheral pulse on the wrist. This can be done by placing the forefinger and thumb either side of the Adam's apple. If there is no pulse, begin CPR.

    CPR

    • Once you have established the patient shows no signs of breathing or circulation, place two fingers at the point where the lower ribs meet. Place the heel of your other hand next to your fingers, then interlock the fingers of both hands. Keeping your arms straight and positioning yourself directly over the chest, use your body weight to push down about 1 ½ to 2 inches. Give 30 chest compressions, allowing the chest to completely recoil each time, followed by two deep breaths as described above. Check the central pulse again, and if there are signs of circulation but no breathing, perform two more deep breaths. If there is no pulse and no breathing continue performing CPR until paramedics arrive.

    Warnings

    • Performing incorrect chest compressions can cause injury, and CPR should never be practiced on a conscious, healthy person. You should also take all necessary precautions to prevent disease transmission. Use of disposable gloves and breathing barriers is always recommended.

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