What does LDL have to do with heart attacks?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad cholesterol," plays a significant role in the development of heart attacks. Here's how LDL cholesterol contributes to heart attacks:

1. Plaque Formation: LDL cholesterol can build up in the walls of arteries, forming plaque. Plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, calcium, and other materials. Over time, plaque can narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow.

2. Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaque in the arteries is called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis can affect arteries throughout the body, including those supplying blood to the heart. When the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked by plaque, it can lead to a heart attack.

3. Plaque Rupture: Atherosclerosis can cause plaque to become unstable and rupture. When a plaque ruptures, it exposes the contents of the plaque to the bloodstream. This triggers the formation of a blood clot that can block the artery and prevent blood from reaching the heart muscle.

4. Heart Attack: A sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot can cause a heart attack. The heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen and nutrients, leading to damage or death of heart tissue. This damage can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms associated with a heart attack.

5. Risk Factors: High levels of LDL cholesterol are often associated with several risk factors for heart attacks, including high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, smoking, and a family history of heart disease. These risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis and plaque buildup.

It's important to manage LDL cholesterol levels through a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and controlling other underlying health conditions. Monitoring LDL cholesterol levels and working with a healthcare provider to manage them can help reduce the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular complications.