What is low pulse rate in ECG?

In an electrocardiogram (ECG), a low pulse rate is typically defined as a heart rate below 60 beats per minute (bpm). This condition is also known as bradycardia. There are several possible causes for a low pulse rate, including:

1. Natural Variation: Some individuals may naturally have a lower heart rate without underlying medical conditions. This can be a normal physiological variation.

2. Aging: As people age, their heart rate may gradually decrease. This is commonly observed in older adults.

3. Cardiovascular Conditions: Certain heart problems can cause bradycardia, such as heart block, sick sinus syndrome, or atrioventricular node (AV node) dysfunction. These conditions may impede the electrical signals regulating the heart rate.

4. Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) can lead to a decrease in heart rate and other metabolic functions.

5. Medications: Some medications, such as certain beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, may slow down the heart rate as a side effect.

6. Athletes: Well-trained athletes may develop bradycardia as a result of increased vagal tone and improved cardiovascular conditioning.

7. Sleep: Heart rate naturally decreases during sleep, reaching its lowest point during deep sleep stages.

It's important to determine the cause of a low pulse rate to ensure it doesn't indicate an underlying medical condition. If you experience sudden or significant changes in your heart rate or have other symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and management. They can assess your overall health, perform relevant tests, and recommend the appropriate treatment if needed.