Congestive Heart Failure Guidelines

Congestive heart failure, also known as heart failure, is a condition that occurs when the heart is no longer able to pump an adequate blood supply to the rest of the body. Congestive heart failure normally builds over a period of time, but in some cases can occur suddenly. Heart failure can affect other major organs in the body.

Heart Failure Classifications

• Heart failure is classified into two different types, systolic and diastolic. Systolic heart failure occurs when blood is not pumped out of your heart properly. Diastolic heart failure occurs when the heart's pumping chamber does not fill with blood. In either case, the heart is functioning inadequately and not enough oxygen-rich blood is being delivered to necessary organs.

Symptoms

• The heart still tries to pump blood throughout the body, but because the pumping is inadequate your body will begin to show signs of congestion in the tissues. Swelling in the feet and legs will occur. Sometimes the fluid will start to congest the lungs and you may feel shortness of breath, coughing, a rapid heartbeat, weakness and fainting.

Diagnosis

• Your doctor will perform a physical examination and will listen to your heart and lungs and check if your legs and ankles are swollen. When heart failure is suspected, your doctor may include these tests. A chest X-ray will show if any heart attacks have occurred of if the heart is enlarged. An ECG records electrical activity within the heart and will reveal any heartbeat abnormalities. A cardiac CT scan and MRI can show how the heart valves are working and if any damage has occurred.

Medications

• Congestive heart failure will take lifelong management, but it can be controlled through medications and lifestyle changes. Medications for heart failure include ACE inhibitors such as Zestril and Prinivil which improves blood pressure and blood flow. Beta blockers such as Lopressor slows heart rate and may help with irregular rhythms. Diuretics, or water pills such as Lasix, remove excess fluid from around your lungs and heart allowing you to breathe easier. When congestive heart failure has a severe flare-up, you may be hospitalized for several days and given medications intravenously and receive oxygen through a mask for breathing difficulties. Severe heart failure may need long-term oxygen treatment.

Lifestyle Changes

• There are certain changes you can make to relieve symptoms of congestive heart disease. Stop smoking, limit sodium intake and avoid foods high in fat or cholesterol. Weigh yourself daily before eating, but after urinating. Gaining three pounds within a day may mean you are retaining fluids and you should alert your doctor. Limit alcohol consumption as it can interfere with your heart's muscle and interact with your heart medications. Moderate exercise such as walking or gardening may help reduce demands on your heart as the rest of your body becomes more conditioned. Reduce stress by soaking in a warm bath or reading as stress makes the heart beat faster. Always consult your doctor on any new exercise or diet routine.