Define Congestive Heart Failure

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a life-threatening condition in which the heart isn't able to pump enough blood to the rest of the body. The failing heart continues to work, but not as efficiently as it should. Many conditions that lead to congestive heart failure can't be reversed, but heart failure can often be treated with medications and lifestyle changes.

The Facts

• Congestive heart failure refers to blood backing up into organs such as the liver, lungs, abdomen and lower extremities causing congestion. This condition usually develops after other health problems have damaged or weakened your heart. Some examples of health problems that may cause congestive heart failure are high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, myocarditis and other heart diseases. It may also be triggered by diabetes, sleep apnea, viruses, kidney conditions and alcohol use.

Symptoms

• Congestive heart failure can be either chronic or acute. Chronic congestive heart failure is a long-term condition that develops gradually. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, persistent cough and shortness of breath. You may experience weight gain from fluid retention, which leads to swelling in your abdomen, feet, legs or ankles. By contrast, if your heart failure is acute, it comes on suddenly. Fluid buildup, shortness of breath and heart palpitations may all develop without warning. This is an emergency situation.

Diagnosis

• As part of your annual physical, your doctor routinely listens to your lungs for signs of congestion. He may be able to hear abnormal heart sounds that suggest congestive heart failure. Tests for congestive heart failure include blood tests, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram or echocardiogram. Your doctor may also order a stress test, an MRI or a coronary catheterization.

Treatment

• Treatment of CHF depends on the exact cause. Doctors usually treat congestive heart failure with a combination of medications. Some medicines that have proven helpful for this condition are ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, digitalis and diuretics. In some cases, your doctor may recommend surgery to treat the underlying problem, such as a damaged heart valve. Lifestyle changes can help relieve symptoms and slow the progression of CHF. Examples of lifestyle changes are reducing salt intake, elevating feet and legs if they are swollen, and avoiding smoking.

Considerations

• Heart failure results in lack of oxygen to the organs, which reduces their ability to function properly. This condition becomes more common as you get older. You are at higher risk of developing congestive heart failure if you smoke, are overweight, have diabetes or abuse alcohol or other substances. It is important to keep your blood pressure under control. Don't smoke, exercise, maintain a healthy weight, and eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.