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Does Smoking Raise Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a naturally occurring substance in blood that is an important part of cell formation, hormone production and other bodily functions. However, in elevated amounts, it is dangerous, and even deadly. Smoking has indeed been shown to raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL)--the bad cholesterol, but it is its lowering effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL)--the good cholesterol--that is more devastating to the human body. Smoking, through its effects on cholesterol, can cause significant increases in heart disease, the No. 1 killer of both men and women in the United States.

  1. LDL Cholesterol

    • In a healthy body, LDL cholesterol circulates through the blood and benefits overall bodily function, but if it is overabundant, it can build up in artery walls and form plaque and blockages, or atherosclerosis. Blockages restrict the flow of blood and can also lead to clots that, in turn, can halt blood flow to the heart or brain, causing heart attacks and stroke. A count of 160 mg/dL and above is considered a high LDL level and implicates an increased risk of heart disease.

    HDL Cholesterol

    • HDL cholesterol cleanses cholesterol from the blood system by carrying it away from the arteries and to the liver, where it is filtered out of the bloodstream. There is also evidence that HDL breaks down plaque in arteries. Because of these functions, it is considered the "good" cholesterol and too little of it represents a danger to the body. Less than 40mg/dL is considered a low HDL and implicates an elevated risk of both heart disease and stroke.

    Tobacco's Effects

    • The nicotine and other toxins present in tobacco are quickly absorbed through the lungs and into the bloodstream. There, they can cause decreased blood flow to the heart, increased blood pressure and heart rate and damage to coronary arteries. Tobacco smoke raises LDL cholesterol levels and significantly lowers HDL cholesterol, thus increasing the chance of blood clots, heart disease and strokes.

    Reverseable

    • Unlike much of the permanent damage smoking can do to the human body, quitting smoking can return LDL and HDL cholesterol levels to normal in a matter of weeks. There is evidence that even decreased smoking can have a positive effect on cholesterol levels.

    Quitting Smoking

    • In addition to the American Cancer Association and the American Heart Assocation, there are numerous organizations dedicated to assisting smokers looking to kick the habit. Contacting a personal physician or a local health clinic is a good first start, but there are community events and websites dedicated to a smoke-free environment. Particulary with heart disease, and overall longevity, quitting now can mean the difference bewteen life and death.

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