What body systems affected by heart failure?

Cardiovascular system:

- Heart failure directly affects the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, leading to a backup of blood in the heart and blood vessels.

- This can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs, feet, and abdomen.

- Over time, heart failure can lead to structural changes in the heart, such as enlargement of the heart chambers and weakening of the heart muscle.

Respiratory system:

- Heart failure can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema.

- This can cause shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing.

- Chronic heart failure can also lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs.

Renal system:

- Heart failure can affect the kidneys' ability to function properly, leading to fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances.

- This can worsen heart failure and cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and nausea.

- Chronic heart failure can also lead to chronic kidney disease and, in some cases, kidney failure.

Gastrointestinal system:

- Heart failure can affect the blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

- In severe cases, heart failure can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients.

Hepatic system:

- Heart failure can lead to congestion of the liver, known as hepatic congestion.

- This can cause liver damage, leading to symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, and fatigue.

- Chronic heart failure can also increase the risk of developing liver cirrhosis and liver failure.

Musculoskeletal system:

- Heart failure can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue.

- This can make it difficult to perform everyday activities and can contribute to a decline in mobility.

- Chronic heart failure can also lead to muscle atrophy and osteoporosis, which is the loss of bone density.

Nervous system:

- Heart failure can affect blood flow to the brain, leading to symptoms such as lightheadedness, dizziness, and confusion.

- In severe cases, heart failure can lead to a stroke or other neurological complications.

Integumentary system:

- Heart failure can lead to skin changes, such as cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) and edema (swelling).

- In severe cases, heart failure can lead to skin ulcers and tissue necrosis.