What does it mean when you have fluid around your heart?
Pericardial effusion is a condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, the area surrounding the heart. This can put pressure on the heart and interfere with its function.
A small amount of fluid in the pericardial space is normal and helps to lubricate the heart. However, too much fluid can cause problems.
Symptoms
Pericardial effusion can cause a variety of symptoms, including:
* Shortness of breath
* Chest pain
* Cough
* Fatigue
* Lightheadedness
* Swelling in the arms, legs, and abdomen
* Rapid heartbeat
* Difficulty lying down
Causes
There are many possible causes of pericardial effusion, including:
* Infection
* Injury
* Inflammation
* Cancer
* Kidney failure
* Liver failure
* Hypothyroidism
* Certain medications
Diagnosis
Pericardial effusion is diagnosed with a physical exam, imaging tests, and blood tests.
* Physical exam: Your doctor will listen to your heart and lungs and check for swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen.
* Imaging tests: An echocardiogram, MRI, or CT scan can be used to create images of your heart and the surrounding area.
* Blood tests: Blood tests can help to determine the cause of the effusion.
Treatment
The treatment for pericardial effusion depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, treatment may include:
* Medications to reduce inflammation and pain
* Diuretics to remove excess fluid
* Surgery to drain the effusion
Prognosis
The prognosis for pericardial effusion depends on the underlying cause. Most cases are mild and resolve without treatment. However, some cases can be serious and even life-threatening.
Prevention
There is no sure way to prevent pericardial effusion. However, some things you can do to reduce your risk include:
* Avoiding infection
* Avoiding injury
* Managing chronic conditions, such as kidney failure and liver failure
* Talking to your doctor about any medications you are taking that could increase your risk of pericardial effusion