What causes a heart murmur and how does it sound?

What Causes a Heart Murmur?

A heart murmur is an abnormal sound that is heard when listening to the heart. It is caused by abnormal blood flow within the heart or between the heart and the major blood vessels. Heart murmurs can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

- Heart valve problems: Heart murmurs are often caused by problems with the heart valves. These problems can include:

- Stenosis: narrowing of a heart valve

- Regurgitation: leaking of a heart valve

- Congenital heart defects: Heart murmurs can also be caused by congenital heart defects, which are heart problems that are present from birth. These defects can include:

- Atrial septal defect (ASD): a hole between the upper chambers of the heart

- Ventricular septal defect (VSD): a hole between the lower chambers of the heart

- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): a persistent opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

- Other conditions: Heart murmurs can also be caused by other conditions, such as:

- Anemia: a condition in which the blood does not have enough red blood cells

- Fever: a condition in which the body's temperature is higher than normal

- Hyperthyroidism: a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive

- Pregnancy: the increased blood flow during pregnancy can cause a heart murmur

How Does a Heart Murmur Sound?

The sound of a heart murmur can vary depending on the cause. Some heart murmurs sound like a whooshing sound, while others sound like a clicking or grinding sound. The doctor will listen to the heart with a stethoscope and may also order tests such as an echocardiogram to determine the cause of the murmur.

What to Do if You Have a Heart Murmur

If you have a heart murmur, it is important to see a doctor to determine the cause. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the murmur. Some heart murmurs do not require treatment, while others may require medication, surgery, or other interventions.