How is biliary atresia diagnosed?

Biliary atresia is diagnosed through various tests and procedures, including:

1. Physical examination: The doctor will check for signs of liver disease, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and an enlarged liver or spleen.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can check for elevated levels of bilirubin, liver enzymes, and other substances that indicate liver damage or biliary obstruction.

3. Imaging studies:

- Ultrasound: Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts. It can show if the bile ducts are dilated or obstructed.

- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): MRCP is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts.

- Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HIDA scan): A HIDA scan is a nuclear medicine imaging test that involves injecting a radioactive tracer into a vein. The tracer is taken up by the liver and excreted into the bile. The scan can show if the bile ducts are blocked or obstructed.

4. Liver biopsy: A liver biopsy is a procedure where a small sample of liver tissue is taken and examined under a microscope. This can provide information about the severity of liver damage and help determine the cause.

5. Exploratory laparoscopy: In some cases, an exploratory laparoscopy may be performed. This involves inserting a small camera into the abdomen through a small incision to directly visualize the liver and bile ducts.

Based on the results of these tests and procedures, the doctor can make a diagnosis of biliary atresia and recommend appropriate treatment.