What is SVT heart disease?

Definition:

Supraventricular Tchycardia (SVT) heart disease refers to a group of conditions characterized by rapid heart rate (tachycardia) that originates above the ventricles in the heart's upper chambers (the atria). SVT causes the heart to beat faster than normal, often leading to palpitations, chest discomfort, and other associated symptoms.

Types:

There are several types of SVT, including:

1. Atrial fibrillation (AFib): AFib is the most common type of SVT. It occurs when the heart's electrical signals become disorganized in the atria, causing the heart to beat irregularly fast.

2. Atrial flutter: Similar to AFib, atrial flutter involves a rapid and regular heart rhythm originating in the atria, typically between 250 to 350 beats per minute.

3. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): Typically refers to a rapid, regular heart rhythm originating in the atrioventricular node or the atria, ranging between 150 to 250 beats per minute.

4. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT): PSVT is a form of SVT that occurs suddenly, lasts for a short period, and resolves on its own or with intervention.

5. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW): A heart condition characterized by an extra electrical pathway between the atria and ventricles, which can cause SVT.

Causes:

SVT can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Structural heart defects: Abnormal structures or pathways within the heart, such as Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, can disrupt the heart's electrical system and trigger SVT.

2. Electrolyte imbalances: Abnormal levels of electrolytes like potassium, magnesium, or calcium can affect heart rhythm and predispose an individual to SVT.

3. Overactive thyroid: Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, can accelerate the heart rate and contribute to SVT.

4. Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol: Excessive intake of stimulants, such as caffeine and nicotine, or drug abuse can trigger SVT in susceptible individuals.

5. Other medical conditions: Chronic conditions like sleep apnea, obesity, and diabetes may increase the risk of SVT.

6. Congenital abnormalities: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition or be born with heart conditions that facilitate SVT.

Symptoms:

Common symptoms of SVT may include:

1. Palpitations: A sensation of a rapid, irregular, or pounding heartbeat.

2. Chest discomfort: Pressure or tightness in the chest.

3. Dizziness or lightheadedness.

4. Shortness of breath.

5. Anxiety or panic.

6. Syncope (fainting) in severe cases.

Treatment:

Treatment options for SVT depend on the underlying cause, symptoms, and severity. Common approaches include:

1. Vagal maneuvers: Techniques such as holding your breath and straining or immersing your face in cold water can help slow down the heart rate in some cases of SVT.

2. Medications: Anti-arrhythmic drugs can help control heart rhythm and prevent SVT episodes.

3. Catheter ablation: A minimally invasive procedure that involves targeting and ablating the tissue responsible for the abnormal electrical signals using radiofrequency energy.

4. Pacemaker implantation: In certain cases, a pacemaker may be recommended to regulate heart rate and prevent rapid episodes.

5. Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive stimulants and alcohol, managing stress, and optimizing underlying conditions can reduce the risk of SVT episodes.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate course of treatment based on the individual's specific situation. Timely evaluation and management of SVT are crucial to minimize the risk of complications.