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Risks of Insertion of Stents

According to the website of the Mayo Clinic, a stent is a small metal coil or mesh object placed into a clogged artery or vein. Stents are used to help prop arteries and veins open to prevent them from narrowing again. Some stents are bare metal while others are coated with medication to help keep the artery or vein open. Because stents can be used in several areas of the body, some of the risks of stent insertion are related directly to the body parts affected. However, there are also some general risks associated with stent use.

  1. Blood Clots

    • According to the website of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, stents can sometimes cause blood clots at the stent site. These clots can lead to heart attack, stroke or other complications. Although heart attacks or strokes can sometimes be treated, these can also be fatal or can lead to paralysis or other problems. The risk for blood clots is greatest in the months following insertion; therefore, anticlotting medication is often prescribed to stent patients.

    Infection

    • Because stent insertion involves a puncture site, it is possible for infection to enter the body. Infections can cause complications at the puncture site or inside the artery or vein.

    Artery or Blood Vessel Injury

    • Stents can sometimes cause injury to the artery or blood vessel in which they were placed. The artery may tear or blood vessel may become damaged. Torn arteries can occasionally cause strokes or other complications.

    Heavy Bleeding

    • Any time blood vessels or arteries are punctured, heavy bleeding can occur. Bleeding can sometimes be difficult to stop depending on the health and physical condition of the patient. Clotting medications are sometimes avoided because of the dangers associated with increased blood clots at the puncture sites, which means that controlling bleeding can sometimes be difficult in patients. Too much blood loss can result in trauma or death and may also require a blood transfusion to help the patient recover.

    Renal Damage

    • When stents are used, renal damage can occasionally occur. Patients may develop allergic reactions to the dye used in the stent process, which can sometimes cause damage to the kidneys. Decreased kidney function or renal failure can sometimes result.

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