Inherited Circulatory Diseases

Diseases of the circulatory system, which consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels, are among the most common in the United States. Nearly every American knows someone who currently has, or has experienced, some form of circulatory disease. While prevention is key when combating circulatory disease, some of these diseases are hereditary. Inherited (or congenital) diseases run in families and may surface in individuals who are otherwise in good health. Three of the most common inherited circulatory diseases are cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease.

Peripheral Vascular Disease

• Peripheral vascular disease, also referred to as peripheral arterial disease, is the catch-all term for a number of congenital conditions that affect the network of veins and arteries in the body. The damage is often most apparent in the peripheries, the parts of the body farthest away from the heart such as the arms and legs. The affected veins become narrow and damaged, resulting in poor circulation that can lead to a heart attack or a stroke. Blood clots and tissue damage are often signaled early on by pain in the legs. Anticoagulants and anti-inflammatory drugs are two common courses of treatment for such diseases in the early stages, according to Yale Medical School.

Coronary Artery Disease

• It has become increasingly apparent that coronary artery disease is related to genetics. According to the Mayo Clinic, scientists have linked over 250 genes to the disease. This inherited condition causes plaque buildup inside the arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the possibility of clots forming. It can be detected through routine tests, such as blood pressure exams and cholesterol monitoring tests. While diagnostics can detect CAD, serious lifestyle changes are the best way to ensure that the disease does not progress. A balanced diet and regular exercise regimen are two of the most common recommendations after a CAD diagnosis, and these are proven to help combat the condition.

Cardiomyopathy

• When the heart becomes inflamed and the muscle tissue cannot work as hard as it should, an individual is at high risk for other issues. Cardiomyopathy, as this disease is known, can be inherited, particularly as an effect of Barth's Syndrome, which usually appears in the first year after birth. The condition is extremely dangerous, according to the American Heart Association, and is exacerbated by a number of other conditions such as high blood pressure and blood clots. Heavy smoking contributes negatively to the condition. A heart weakened by cardiomyopathy often experiences heart failure. Treatment includes anticoagulants, anti-arrhythmic drugs and, in serious cases, heart transplant.