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What Is Your Body's Biggest Artery?

The circulatory system of the human body is composed of many large and small blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body. The largest artery in the human body is the aorta. This blood vessel is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the head and body.

  1. Location

    • The aorta is attached to the left ventricle of the heart. This chamber is considered to be the "workhorse" of the heart because it contracts so strongly in order to propel blood from the heart into the body.

    Tissue Layers

    • The aorta, as all arteries, is composed of three different layers of tissue: a smooth inner layer, a muscular middle layer, and a thin outer layer.

    Elasticity

    • The aorta has a degree of elasticity, allowed by connective fibers in the aortic wall, that is necessary in order for the vessel to be able to stretch when it is under pressure of contraction.

    Aortic Structure

    • The ascending aorta brings blood to the head and neck area, and the descending aorta pumps blood to the lower body and spine. The aorta extends into the abdominal area. Smaller arteries connect to the aorta to facilitate the delivery of blood throughout the body.

    Aortic Aneurysm

    • An aneurysm occurs when the elasticity of the aorta is compromised. This may lead to a bubble type enlargement forming along the aortic wall. Aneurysms may rupture causing extensive hemorrhage.

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