Acid Reflux & Its Chemistry

Frequent acid reflux, more properly called gastroesophageal reflux, afflicts about one in five Americans, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Understanding both the causes and treatments of the condition requires understanding basic digestive chemistry.

Identification

• Gastroesophageal reflux refers to the contents of the stomach rising into the esophagus when the lower esophageal sphincter, the muscle that act as a barrier between the two organs, does not close properly. Symptoms include a burning sensation in the chest or throat and a sour or acidic taste in the back of the mouth.

Composition

• The stomach produces gastric juices, which contains both pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins, and hydrochloric acid, which breaks down food and destroys bacteria. While necessary for digestion, hydrochloric acid is highly corrosive outside of the stomach, which is protected from the acid by a mucus lining.

Effects

• Frequent gastroesophageal reflux is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Over time, the acid damages the cells in the lower esophagus, creating scar tissue that blocks the passage of food or ulcers on the organ's tissue.

Triggers

• Greasy, fatty foods take a long time to digest, giving acid more of a chance to enter the esophagus. Beverages with caffeine, meanwhile, can increase acid production, making gastric juices more corrosive.

Treatment

• Antacids contain magnesium, aluminum or calcium salts, which neutralize stomach acids. Other treatments include medications that slow or block production of gastric juices.