Heartburn Vs. Acid Reflux

Although acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are related, the two terms are not interchangeable. It is important to differentiate between these two conditions and find similarities during the diagnostic and treatment process.

Definition

• Acid reflux is the flow of acid back into the esophagus, the tube that connects the stomach and throat. Signs can be a taste of food in the mouth or a feeling of burning in the chest. GERD is a chronic digestive problem and is a severe form of reflux, often involving regurgitation, problems swallowing, wheezing, pain in the chest, sour liquid and coughing.

Diagnosis

• The means of diagnosis for acid reflux and GERD are similar and may include X-rays of the upper digestive tract, endoscopy to examine the stomach and esophagus, tissue biopsy, tests to measure the amount of acid in the esophagus and a pressure test to measure movement of the esophagus.

Treatment

• Treatment of both conditions often involves changes in the lifestyle--eating smaller meals and avoiding acidic, fatty and caffeinated foods. Over-the-counter medication such as antacids can provide some heartburn relief. GERD can be treated with antacids, as well as medications that block acid production and heal the esophagus.

Complications

• Left untreated, acid reflux and GERD can cause damage and inflammation to the esophagus, leading to narrowing, sores or ulcers and precancerous changes.

Risk

• Risk factors for both heartburn and GERD include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol and diet. Hiatal hernia, ulcers and gastroparesis can contribute to an increased chance of developing digestive problems.