GERD in Children

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition that affects both children and adults. This condition occurs when the contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus. Acids from the stomach can damage the tissue of the esophagus. Over time, most children affected by GERD will outgrow the condition. Several different treatment options are used to alleviate the symptoms associated with GERD.

Causes

• One of the leading causes of GERD in children is an inadequate lower esophageal sphincter, which attaches the stomach to the esophagus. When this sphincter fails to function properly, food can flow from the stomach back into the esophagus. Obesity can also cause the lower esophageal sphincter to malfunction and lead to GERD. Eating certain foods that contain vitamin C and caffeine can also cause this condition.

Symptoms

• Children with GERD commonly complain that it feels like food has become lodged in their throat. The reflux can cause an acidic taste inside of the mouth. Children may notice that it is painful or difficult to swallow. Other symptoms of GERD include sore throats and a hoarse voice. GERD can cause breathing difficulties in children that mimic the symptoms of asthma. Children with GERD commonly experience problems with bad breath.

Diagnosis

• Doctors can perform a number of tests to diagnose children with GERD. An upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) is used to identify any deformities that may be present in the digestive tract. Doctors may also monitor the pH levels of any acid reflux that may be present within the esophagus. In some cases, an esophagoscopy is used to visually examine the insides of the esophagus. A biopsy of the esophagus tissue can also be used to diagnose GERD.

Treatment

• For infants suffering from GERD, doctors may recommend a change in their formula. Older children may also benefit from a change in their diet. Weight loss programs are useful for treating GERD if the child is obese. Doctors may recommend over-the-counter antacids and prescription medications that are designed to reduce the amount of acid contained within the stomach. In more serious cases, surgery may be performed to treat GERD. This surgery tightens the child's lower esophageal sphincter.

Foods to Avoid

• Careful monitor a child's diet to control the affects of GERD. Children should avoid any type of soda or food that contains caffeine. Spicy foods can trigger reflux. The consumption of acidic foods such as tomatoes should be limited. This includes pizza that has a tomato-based sauce. Foods that are fried or contain a high fat content should also be avoided.