What Are the Treatments for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder?

The stomach occasionally regurgitates digestive acid up into the esophagus, causing burning pain, or heartburn. This condition, called gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), occurs when a circular muscle at the base of the esophagus weakens or fails to close properly.

Lifestyle Changes

• Certain lifestyle changes can ease GERD pain. Weight loss, loose-fitting clothing, avoiding meals shortly before bed and elevating the head of the bed help reduce the incidence of GERD.

Antacids

• Over-the-counter antacids, such as Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids and Tums, quickly neutralize stomach acid. Relief is temporary, however. Long-term use can cause diarrhea or constipation.

H-2-Receptor Blockers

• H-2-receptor blockers, which reduce the amount of stomach acid, are available over-the-counter (for example, Tagamet HB, Pepcid AC, Axid AR or Zantac 75) or by prescription (such as Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix or Aciphex). Relief is slower than with antacids but lasts longer.

Proton-Pump Inhibitors

• Proton-pump inhibitors reduce the amount of stomach acid and heal the damage in the esophagus caused by chronic GERD. Examples include Prevacid 24HR and Prilosec OTC.

Prokinetic Agents

• Prokinetic agents, available only by prescription, strengthen the esophageal muscle and help the stomach empty more rapidly. Side effects include fatigue, anxiety and depression.

Surgery

• Surgery is recommended only when medications and lifestyle changes ineffectively control GERD. Surgeons strengthen the esophageal muscle or build a barrier between the esophagus and stomach to prevent acid regurgitation.