What characterizes hot flashes?

Hot flashes are a sudden feeling of intense heat and sweating, often accompanied by a rapid heartbeat, flushing of the face and neck, and anxiety or irritability. Hot flashes are a common symptom of menopause, occurring in up to 85% of women, but they can also occur in men, especially those undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Hot flashes can be very disruptive, affecting sleep, mood, and quality of life. The exact cause of hot flashes is unknown, but it is thought to be related to the sudden drop in estrogen levels during menopause. Estrogen helps to regulate the body's thermostat, and when estrogen levels drop, the body may overreact to normal temperature changes by producing hot flashes. Other factors that can trigger hot flashes include stress, smoking, caffeine, and alcohol.