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Prevention of Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is caused by prolonged exposure to a hot environment while working or playing without adequate intake of fluids. Heat stroke may cause a variety of problems, including elevated body temperature, nausea, dizziness, mental confusion and even coma. To prevent heat stroke, know its symptoms and be aware of its risk factors to protect yourself and your loved ones.

  1. Risk Factors

    • Heat stroke risks increase with age, and the elderly are especially susceptible, especially those with chronic illnesses or conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease and diabetes. Excessive use of alcohol or drugs also increases risks, as the body is often already dehydrated under such conditions. Chronic exposure to high-heat and high-humidity situations also increases risks, as for those working at manual labor jobs, either indoors or out. Always carry or provide adequate fluids in such situations.

    Hydrate

    • Drink lots of water when the weather is hot, whether you're inside watching television or outside enjoying the fresh summer air. Try to drink at least 64 ounces of water every day, more if you're exercising or working outside. However, try not to drink more than a gallon to a gallon and a half of water on a daily basis without taking additional multivitamins, as excess water consumption leeches out vital nutrients, vitamins and minerals from the body. Avoid ice-cold drinks, which according to the CDC may cause abdominal cramping. Sugary and alcoholic beverages can make you lose body fluids and won't help you stay hydrated.

    Cool Off

    • Take a break from the heat with a cool bath or shower, especially if you don't have air conditioning. Fans help to move air around and have a cooling effect on your skin, but they will not prevent heat stroke if the temperature is over 100 degrees, when the moving air is still hot. Try to do yard work and chores in the early morning or evening, when temperatures are lower, and if possible, go to an air-conditioned library or mall for some relief. Some cities provide designated heat-relief shelters during hot weather. Call your local health department for information regarding extreme temperature situations in your area.

    Clothing

    • Wear lightweight and light-colored clothing that breathes, like cotton or linen. Clothing should be loose- fitting to enhance air flow. Protect your head from heat by wearing a wide-brimmed hat or carrying an umbrella to offer constant shade. Wear SPF sun protection with at least a 15 rating to protect your skin. Protect your eyes from bright glare by wearing sunglasses.

    Symptoms

    • Learn to recognize the symptoms of potential heat stroke. The major symptoms include but are not limited to a fast heartbeat and fast, shallow breathing. You may feel dizzy or experience nausea and headache. Confusion or irritability is also common. An individual suffering from heat stroke may be unable to sweat, so your skin may be either hot and dry or moist. Blood pressure can rise or fall, leading to fainting or unconsciousness. If you feel that you or a loved one or friend is experiencing symptoms of heat stroke, and you have attempted hydration and cooling with no improvement, seek emergency medical help immediately.

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