How is clotted blood obtained?

To obtain clotted blood, the process of blood clotting, also known as coagulation, must occur. Here's how clotted blood is typically obtained:

1. Blood Collection:

- A blood sample is collected from a vein, usually from the arm, using a needle and a vacuum-sealed blood collection tube.

2. Anticoagulant Prevention:

- During blood collection, an anticoagulant, such as sodium citrate or EDTA, is added to the blood collection tube to prevent the blood from clotting.

3. Blood Clotting Initiation:

- After the blood is collected, it is transferred to a clean glass test tube or container without anticoagulant.

- This allows the natural clotting process to begin.

4. Clotting Time Measurement:

- The time taken for the blood to clot is measured. This is referred to as the "clotting time" or "coagulation time."

- The clotting time can vary depending on various factors, including an individual's health and the presence of any clotting disorders.

5. Clot Formation:

- As the blood sits, the clotting process initiates. Fibrinogen, a protein present in the blood, is converted into insoluble fibrin strands by the action of thrombin.

- Platelets, blood cells responsible for clotting, become activated, clump together, and adhere to the fibrin strands, forming a mesh-like structure. This network of fibrin and platelets traps red blood cells and plasma, resulting in the formation of a blood clot.

6. Clot Retraction:

- Once the clot is formed, it undergoes a process called clot retraction. The clot tightens and squeezes out the serum, the liquid component of blood that remains after clotting. This process further consolidates the clot.

The clotted blood can then be used for various purposes, including laboratory testing, research, and medical procedures such as wound healing and tissue repair.